50^th World Congress on Advanced Nursing and Nursing Practice February 26-27, 2019 Osaka,Japan

Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNSs) provide direct care to patients. CNSs often work in busy, collaborative environments and handle stress efficiently and keep track of care and progress for many different patients. They focus on one of three main specialty areas: nurse management, patients and their families, and administration. They work in collaborative setting where they can act as both supervisor of other nurses and supervises of doctors and other specialists.

Surgical nurses coordinate and innovate patient care every day. They work alongside surgical teams to make sure that patients are receiving the best possible care. These nurses make up almost one-sixth of the profession, according to the Campaign for Nursing's Future. Surgical nurses are responsible for providing nursing assistance in surgical settings, including the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative phases of surgery.

This field deals specifically with patients experiencing high-dependency, life–threatening conditions with utmost care of the critically ill or unstable patients following extensive injury, surgery or life threatening diseases. Critical care professionals provide a very important medical service. Emergency Nurses use their advanced skills to care for patients who are critically ill and at high risk for life-threatening health problems.

Nursing practice are enlisted nursing experts provides healthcare across a continuum of services for acute and chronic conditions in hospital, ambulatory, and skilled nursing settings. Nurses share lessons learned, tools, and evidence-based practices across the system. They engage in emergency management and disaster preparedness both in VA and beyond. To improve access to care, nurses help create new models of care like the Primary Care , Patient Aligned Care Teams (Patient Centered Medical Home), introduce new nursing roles like the Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL), and advance existing roles, like the use of RN Care Managers to coordinate care.

Midwifery nurse provide health care services for women including contraceptive counseling, gynecological examinations, labor and delivery care. This care includes preventative measures, the promotion of normal birth, the detection of complications in mother and child, the accessing of medical care or other appropriate assistance and the carrying out of emergency measures. Various roles and responsibilities of a midwife includes Care giver, Coordinator, Leader, Communicator, Educator, Counselor, Family planner, Adviser, Record keeper and Supervisor.

Advanced practice nurses “provide and coordinate patient care and they may provide primary and specialty health care. They serve Diagnosing, Performing physical exams, Evaluating patient progress, Providing counseling, Participating in research studies. Advanced practice nurses have considerably more freedom to make decisions, suggest treatments and courses of action, and determine care for the patients with whom they work.

Pediatric nurses (Children's nurses), work with children of all ages suffering from many different conditions. They aim to mitigate health problems before they occur a lifetime journey into wellness begins at birth, and the nursing profession is always in need of nurses who devote their skills to caring for the smallest patients as they grow and develop. Their responsibilities include assessing, observing and reporting on the condition of patients; preparing patients for operations and procedures; setting up drips and blood transfusions; maintaining and checking intravenous infusions; administering drugs and injections; responding quickly to emergencies; observing strict hygiene and safety rules and more.

Disaster nursing is the adjustment of expert nursing information, skills and state of mind in recognizing and meeting the health, nursing, emotional needs of disaster victims. They will likely accomplish the most ideal level of health for the people and the community involved in the disaster.

The field of oncology nursing, in particular, is probably one of the most challenging and rewarding fields in nursing. Caring for cancer patients is very rewarding. It’s also a physically, mentally and emotionally demanding job. Oncology Nurses must keep track of numerous details throughout the day for each patient and they likely have to tend to several patients each day. An Oncology Nurse provides care for cancer patients and those at risk for getting the disease. It is often said that nurses are the heart of health care.

Primary care nurses work administering medication, educating and counseling patients and patient’s families on diagnosis and treatments, planning treatment strategy and implementing treatment, assessing patients, and monitoring a patient’s vital signs. Primary Nursing is a system for delivering nursing care that is based upon the four elements:

Cardiac Care Nurses treat patients suffering from heart diseases and conditions and treat heart disease, heart attacks, and other cardiovascular health issues. Cardiac nurses  play a pivotal role in the prevention, diagnosis. Cardiac nurses are critical in the fight against heart disease and are needed not merely to care for patients, but also to promote healthy lifestyle choices.

Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner  also called a Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. They do many of the same things including diagnosing mental illness and prescribing medication. They require extension education in physical and mental health assessment, development, implementation and integration of care, the diagnosis of mental health conditions, psychotherapy, psychopharmacology, practice evaluation, liaison and consultation. 

Informatics is becoming increasingly present in our profession due to rapidly changing technologic advances. Nursing Informatics is the "science and practice that integrates nursing, its information and knowledge, with information and communication technologies to promote the health of people, families, and communities worldwide." Often, they will act as the liaison between nurses and technology people. The goals are to disseminate this information to allow people to make better decisions based on more accurate data.

Dental care is important to prevent dental disease and to maintain proper dental and oral health. Oral problems, including dental and periodontal infections, dry mouth, tooth decay, are all treatable with proper diagnosis and care. Diabetes Specialist Nurse (DSNs) works wholly in diabetes care and plays a central role in the provision of diabetic care within primary and secondary care. Dermatology nurse practitioner specializes in treating all types of disease and medical issues that manifest on the surface of the skin. This field is vast, as the number of diseases and disorders are just as numerous as with other organs of the body.

Many public health nurses work with specific populations, such as young children living            in poverty Community health nursing, a field of nursing that is a blend of primary health care and nursing practice with public health nursing. All nurses work with patients from the communities surrounding the health care facility. This means that in essence, all nurses deal with public health. The community health nurse conducts a continuing and comprehensive practice that is preventive, curative, and rehabilitative.

Wound care nurses have many names, including continence and ostomy nurses. Wound care nurses specialize in the proper management of wound care by treating and monitoring wounds that are the result of disease, injury, or medical treatments. Their work promotes the safe and rapid healing of a wide variety of wounds, from chronic bed sores or ulcers to abscesses, feeding tube sites and recent surgical openings.

The Perioperative or 'OR' Nurse is an individual who helps to evaluate the patient, then plan and implement various steps to, during, and beyond surgery. Manages overall care of the patient before, during and after the surgical procedure and also advocates on behalf of the patient. Addresses the biological, emotional, developmental, psychosocial and educational status of the patient and his or her family and seeks to address concerns. Operating room nurses are of three types:

1. Pre-Op RN
2. Intra-Op RN
3. Post-Op or PACU RN

Gerontological nurses work in collaboration with older adults, their families, and communities to support healthy aging, maximum functioning, and quality of life. The term gerontological nursing, which replaced the term geriatric nursing in the 1970s, is seen as being more consistent with the specialty's broader focus on health and wellness, in addition to illness.

The goal of the rehabilitation process is to provide, in collaboration with an interdisciplinary healthcare team that includes the client, a holistic approach to nursing care that maximizes the client's independence and mastery of self-care activities. A rehabilitation nurse helps patients suffering from disabling injuries or illnesses live relatively normal and independent lives. This may involve working with them to regain abilities that they lost or gain abilities that they may have never had. The rehabilitation nurse helps patients to adapt physically and emotionally to lifestyle changes and teaches those new skills as well as providing other nursing care.

As a caregiver, a nurse provides hands-on care to patients in a variety of settings. This includes physical needs, which can range from total care (doing everything for someone) to helping a patient with illness prevention. The nurse maintains a patient's dignity while providing knowledgeable, skilled care.

Holistic care emphasizes that the whole person is greater than the sum of their parts. This means that nurses also address psychosocial, developmental, cultural, and spiritual needs. The role of caregiver includes all of the tasks and skills that we associate with nursing care but also includes the other elements that make up the whole person.